Project 6: The Greenhouse Effect

Цель этого проекта – подробно разобраться, что такое парниковый эффект и как он работает

	План	Примеры текста
1a	What is “climate”	c.22 – первый абзац
1b	Climate changes: Introduction	Unfortunately, recently the climate in many places has changed. Some specialists say that it is because of the greenhouse effect.
2	How the greenhouse effect works. (рассказать и пояснить по картинке)	c.22 последний абзац. Со слов “It works like this”.
3	People’s activity and greenhouse effect	c23 – 1й-2й абзацы
4	Your own examples of climate changes. (один пример – «как было раньше», другой пример – «как сейчас»)	Предлагаю несколько вариантов, как готовить эту часть 1.      Спросить у бабушек и дедушек, какие были зимы на их памяти. Сравнить с погодой сейчас. 2.      Взять исторические факт, например трамвай на Неве, ледяные дворцы на Неве, катание на коньках по каналам в Голландии … 3.      Найти информацию по примера с.24 №20
5	Conclusion	Взять часть информации из с.23 – последний абзац

ПРИМЕРНЫЙ ТЕКСТ: 

The Greenhouse Effect

     Climate is the weather a certain place has over a long period of time. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.

     Unfortunately, recently the climate in many places has changed. Winters have become warmer. Sometimes there is little snow in January, and there were winters when it rained on the New Year's Eve. Some specialists say that it is because of the greenhouse effect. It works like this: sunlight gives us heat. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere, and some of the heat goes back into space.

     But during the last 100 years people have produced a lot of carbon dioxide. This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It lets heat get in, but it doesn't let much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer. Where does the carbon dioxide come from? People and animals breathe in oxygen, and breathe out carbon dioxide. We produce carbon dioxide when we burn things. Trees take this gas from the air, and produce oxygen. But in the last few years, people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means there are fewer trees, and, of course, more carbon dioxide!

      СВОЙ ПРИМЕР КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ.

     

     As we see the climate in different parts of the world changes a little from year to year. These changes can be dangerous for our planet, which needs protection. Earth is millions of years old, much older than the humans. We know many of its secrets. Yet there is still much to learn.

Project 5: Weather Forecast

p.13:
1. Weather
2. Weather forecast
3. Weathermen

4. Your own weather forecast
Example of a card

ПРИМЕРНЫЙ ТЕКСТ:

    We do not always know what weather to expect. It is more serious whenfarmers lose their harvest because of the rain, or a sailor gets into troublewhen the wind rises.  On TV and radio there are daily weather forecasts. 

    Sometimes, the forecast is not quite right as the weather is not an easy thingto forecast. All day and night, weathermen are collecting information fromships, planes weather station, and space station.           With the help of thisinformation, they can understand what the weather will be like during the next few days.When the barometer shows high pressure, the weather will be calm. In winter it will be cold and frosty. In summer it usually means mistymornings and hot sunny days. When the barometer shows low pressure, lookout for rain and strong winds. As a result of the weathermen`s work we learnabout the weather.

+ ПРОГНОЗ ПО КАРТОЧКЕ

Project 4: Shops and Shopping

Part 1: Shopping for food

1.     What shopping used to be (What goods and where people used to buy):

·        Markets, stalls, different small shops, food

2.     Shopping nowadays (What goods and where people buy nowadays):

·        Supermarkets, different departments, food.

Words:

p.102-105 (SB),

self-service - самообслуживание,

counter (to take off the counter) – прилавок (брать с прилавка),

a basket (a grocery trolley) - корзинка (тележка),

all kinds of household goods – все виды товаров для дома,

save a lot of time – экономить время,

a cash-desk - касса,

your turn came – ваша очередь подошла,

pay - платить,

change - сдача,

wrap - заворачивать,

parcel - покупка. 

Part 2: Shopping for clothes

1. Introduction (several words about shopping for clothes)

2. How I bought a shirt/skirt.

Words:
a department store
cost
price
shoes
a pair
size
in (out of) fashion
to try it on
a size larger/smaller
it suits (doesn't suit) me
a shop asisstant 
a wide choice of
ready-made clothes (clothing store)

ПРИМЕРНЫЙ ТЕКСТ 

(для тех, кто не смог составить сам):

Shopping

            It is well known that many people do like shopping, especially women. In any case we often go shopping, when we need some goods to buy.

            There are a lot of goods and shops in the world. We buy white and brown bread at the baker’s; sugar, rice and flour at the grocer’s; beef and pork at the butcher’s; fish at the fishmonger’s; milk, cream and butter at the dairy; biscuits and cakes at the confectionary; sweets and chocolates at the sweet shop; medicine and pills at the chemist’s…           

            Different people do shopping in different ways. Some prefer shopping in small corner shops which are usually located in the neighbourhood, some people prefer big supermarkets.

            Our choice usually depends on what we need to buy. If we need something like bread or milk, we go to the nearest corner shop. But if your fridge and breadbasket are empty, you will go to a supermarket.

            Big department stores are widespread in Great Britain. The most famous ones are Harrods, House of Fraser, Marks and Spence…

            Once a week we visit Lenta (OKEY, Ashan) supermarket with lots of departments and buy all the goods we need. Last time we bought two pounds of fresh beef; a kilo of green apples; three bottles of milk; two cartoons of cream; two bars of black chocolate and a jar of strawberry jam for my Granny.

At the baker’s department my Mom had a small talk with the shop assistant:

-          Shop assistant: “Hello, Madam! What can I do for you? ”

-          Mother: “Two loaves of bread, please?”

-          Shop assistant: “Brown bread or white bread, Madam?”

-          Mother: “Brown and white, please!”

-          Shop assistant: “Shall I wrap them up or put them in a plastic bag?”

-          Mother: “Plastic bag, please!”

-          Shop assistant: “Here you are, Madam!”

-          Mother: “Thank you!”

Sometimes we buy clothes and shoes. This kind of shopping is the best for me! Last Friday I tried a pretty-nice skirt (shirt) of my size at the ready-made clothes department. It suited me much and I asked my Mom if I could have it for school. “How much does it cost?” asked mother. It cost 8 pounds, which was not very expensive and we bought it.

            For our family shopping is not only a necessity, but also a pleasure!

Project 3: Popular British Sports

In this project you are to speak about sports popular in Britain and to give the details of one of them.

Talking about a sport:

The name of the sport.

Is it an individual or a team sport? How many members are there in a team?

What do the sportsmen do? What is the aim of the game? Who is the winner?

Where do they do this sport?

What equipment is needed? 

How long have you been going in for this sport?

Have you taken part in competitions?

What are your results?

ПРИМЕРНЫЙ ТЕКСТ:

Popular British Sports and Games

British people like sports and games. Their favourite sports are probably football, cricket and tennis, though many of them like such sports as golf and hockey, athletics and climbing, horse riding and boating, rugby and rowing. 

The British invented and developed many of the sports and games which are now played all over the world. Football is one of them. It was first developed in England. Now it is spread all over the country – in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their national teams compete with each other every year. They take part in different competitions. The two best teams play in the Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. National teams of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland take part in European competitions and other international matches. 

Cricket is another popular summer sport. It is sometimes called the English national game. People play it everywhere: in schools, universities and in most cities and towns of Britain. Cricket is a very long game. International cricket matches can last for 5 days. 

Boxing is one of the oldest British sports. Golf was developed in Scotland and now is widely spread all over Britain.

Tennis, or lawn tennis, is also popular. The British hold their famous International Tennis Championship at Wimbledon in west London every June. People in Britain are also fond of swimming, boating and sailing. They are less interested in skiing and skating which are typically Russian sports.

I am fond of sport and this topic was really interesting for me.

Project 2: Health and Body Care

In this project you are to speak about healthy lifestyle: healthy food and doing exercises, about illnesses, medicine and doctors.

Health and Body Care

          Health is the most important thing for everyone. English people say health is above wealth. If you are wealthy but not healthy you can’t be happy. People can buy different things but they can't buy their health.

Nowadays people want to be strong. If you want to keep fit you should remember some good rules. First of all, get up early and go to bed early to keep fit. Then, take regular exercises. It`s a good idea to take a cold shower every morning. Of course, you should eat healthy food. What food is thought to be good for health? First of all, it is fruit and vegetables. They have a lot of vitamins [‘vaitэmins]. Vegetables are really delicious if they are eaten (cooked) as salads.  Dairy products are also the right food. Milk, cheese, yoghurt, cottage cheese, cream and sour cream can help you grow and be in good shape. Meat is full of vitamins and other good things (proteins), too. Remember that too much food makes you fat. Too many sweets are bad for you, especially for your teeth. If you don`t want to have bad toothache clean your teeth twice a day. Don`t forget to wash your hands before you eat. Never smoke to keep fit.

           Sometimes people fall ill. For example, they can catch a cold. They have a sore throat, start coughing and sneezing. So people have to go to the doctor. The doctor examines the patient. He listens to his chest and lungs. He asks to breath in deeply and then to breath out. He takes his temperature. After that the doctor prescribes some medicine for the patient`s throat. Of course he tells his patient how many times a day to take the medicine. The patient should follow his advice and take the medicine regularly and he will feel better and recover soon.

           Nowadays people want to be strong. If you want to keep fit you should remember some good rules. First of all, get up early and go to bed early to keep fit. Then, take regular exercises. It`s a good idea to take a cold shower every morning. Of course, you should eat healthy food. Don`t forget to wash your hands before you eat. Remember that too much food makes you fat. The wrong food makes you ill. Only the right food keeps you well. Too many sweets are bad for you, especially for your teeth. If you don`t want to have bad toothache clean your teeth twice a day. Never smoke to keep fit.

            Don`t forget that our health depends on us. We should take care of our health to be strong and happy.

The United Kingdom

In this project you are to speak about The UK, its geography, countries, main cities, people and flag.

The United Kingdom

    1. Introduction.
I will tell you about the geographical setting of the UK, about its parts, about people, about the flag and about languages spoken in the UK. (Порядок такой, как у вас в плане).
    2. Geographical setting
    3. Four parts of the UK
Назвать все части, а потом о каждой по плану:
the name of the country
the capital
people: their nationality
             languages

    4. How many people? Cities, countryside, … .
    5. The flag
    6. Conclusion

The Earth is in Danger

In this project you are to speak about our fragile planet.

The Earth is in Danger

     1. Introduction.

I would like to tell you why our planet is in danger. The most serious environmental problems are

·         pollution in its many forms (water pollution, air pollution and nuclear pollution);

·         noise problems;

·         destruction of nature

·         shortage of natural resources;

·         the growth of population

I will tell you about some problems and how people can solve them.

     2. Dirty water

One of the most serious problems is water pollution.

вода грязная

почему она грязная

свой пример сложной ситуации

     3. Dirty air

The other serious problem which I want to tell you about is air pollution. (насколько слов про фабрики и заводы)

    (4. Some other difficult situations – по желанию)

     5. How to solve the problems

     6. Conclusion

People used to live differently

In this project you are to speak about the way your grandparents used to live, to compare life in past and in present.

People used to live differently

Answer the questions to describe what your grandparents' life used to be:

1.      Did your grandparents use to live in the city / a small village?

2.      Describe the bathroom, kitchen, other rooms.

3.      What kind of TV did she/he use to watch?

4.      Where did she/he use to work?

5.      What games did she/he use to play?

6.      What clothes did she/he use to wear?

7.      Describe the school: subjects, school things, the canteen (столовая), school uniform, …. .

8.      What did they use to eat and drink?

9.      The shops.

10.    The money.

11.    Cars and public transport, planes, trains.

12.    Weather and nature.

This is the way how you can compare life in past and in present:

1.      My granny used to live in a small village.  Now she lives in the city.

2.      My grandparent used to watch black-and-white TV. Now they watch colour TV.

3.      My granny didn’t use to have a TV-set. Now she has a modern TV-set.

4.      My grandfather used to work as an engineer. Now he is a pensioner.

5.      People used to have a nice cold winter. Now winters are not cold and sometimes rainy.

6.      Nature used to be clean. Now the forests near the city are often dirty.

7.      My granny used to ride a bike. Now she walks in the park.

8.      My granny used to ski and skate a lot. Now she is not a young woman and she doesn’t ski and skate. 

9.      My granny used to play hide-and-seek.  Now children mostly play computer games.

Animals in Danger

In this project you are to speak about animals and plants. Give the examples of endangered and extinct species, speak about the way to protect animals, speak about The Red Book.

Continents and Countries

In this project you are to speak about continents, oceans and countries, to name three famous people from three diggerent countries, to name their nationality and language. You are to tell us the main english speaking countries and to show them on the map. You are to give the difference between British English and American English.

Continents and Countries

Plan

Introduction

1.   Информация о континентах и странах по тексту с.84-86. Показать на карте: океаны, континенты, страны, которые упоминаются в тексте.

2.   Назвать 2-3 известных человека, их страну, национальность, язык. Модель – с.89 №24.

3.   Англоязычные страны

a)    Какие страны называются англоязычными.

b)    Назвать главные страны и показать их на карте.

c)    Различия между британским и американским английским.

British English	American English
flat	apartment
autumn	fall
biscuits	cookies - печенье
sweets	Candy - конфеты

The United States of America

In this project you are to speak about The USA, its geographical position, history, capital and symbols.

Nowadays everybody knows what the word “America” means. First of all it is the name of the country – The United States of America. And then America is the name of the two continents – North America and South America.

Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. The King and the Queen of Spain gave him money to go to India. Columbus sailed west and didn’t reach India, but he reached a new continent. People started to call it “The New World”.  England became interested in the New World too. And at the beginning of the seventeenth century the first English settlements appeared in America. The group of English people left England for the New World to start a new life and to have no problems with the church. They set up a colony and called it “New England”. When English colonists came to the New World, the Native Americans met them and were very friendly and helped them a lot.

In 1773 there were 13 colonies in America (English, Spanish and German).  The English King was the King of New England and other colonies. But people in America didn’t want to depend on England. The Americans began to fight for their independence and got it. George Washington became the first President of the United States of America.

The American flag is often called “Stars and Stripes”. There are three colours – red, white and blue. As there are fifty states in the USA – there are fifty stars on the American flag. The American flag has thirteen stripes – one stripe for one of the first thirteen colonies of the USA. Americans are very proud of their flag.

One of the most famous symbols of the USA is the Statue of Liberty. The Statue is in New York on Liberty Island. The eagle is the official symbol of the United States.

London

In this project you are to speak about the capital of Great Britain, its history and attractions.

London

     The Romans built a town on the River Thames. The name of the town was Londinium.

At the beginning of the 11th century England was already a great country. William the Conqueror became King of England. He built the White Tower to live in it. This building is very famous. A lot of people visit it every year.
     In September 1666 was a fire in the old city of London. It started in the wooden house near London Bridge and burnt many houses. After the Great Fire people built a new city.
     London is the capital of England. Now it is the biggest city in Britain. More than seven million people live and work there. In London you can find the best theatres, cinemas, museums and beautiful churches.
     There are about 10 thousand streets in London. Oxford Street is London’s main shopping centre.
     Trafalgar Square is the centre of London. In the middle of the square there is a monument to Admiral Nelson. There are two beautiful fountains in the square. They are in front of the National Gallery.
     The political centre of London is Westminster.
     British Prime Minister lives at 10 Downing Street.
     Big Ben is the name of the bell in the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament.
     Westminster Abbey is one of the most famous churches in London. Many English kings and queens are buried there.
     The Queen of England (Elizabeth II) lives in Buckingham Palace.

My hobbies

In this project you are to name different types of hobbies and to speak about your hobby.

My hobbies

     Different people like doing different things; different people have different hobbies. Some people are fond of collecting things: they collect stamps, coins, badges, toy soldiers, books and many other things. They are very proud of their collections. Collecting is very interesting and it helps people to learn many facts about history and famous people.

     But collecting things is not the only hobby people have. Some people are fond of travelling or gardening. Many boys and girls are fond of sport. Some people are fond of taking pictures or their hobby is music.

     Now I would like to tell you about my hobby.
[Составляем рассказ про свое хобби]

Пример рассказа про хобби:

I am interested in collecting magnets, going to the cinema and dancing (figure skating, swimming, singing, drama …). I have a special collection of magnets which I buy while travelling in different countries and cities. I have already had magnets from Germany – Berlin, Hamburg …; Italy – Rome, Venice; Spain, Croatia, Cyprus. These fantastic pictures help me to remember the places which I have visited.

        I am good at dancing and go to rock-and-roll dancing сlasses 3 times a week. I have already taken part in competitions and did really well. I like dancing because it is very beautiful to perform in front of the public. Besides, sport exercises make me strong and fit.

     When I have free time in the evening or at the weekend I prefer to go to the cinema or to watch television. My favourite types of films are cartoons/ musicals/ detective films/ westerns/ action films/ romantic films/ comedies/ science fiction films. I don’t like to watch horror films …. . The best film which I have ever seen is …… . The worst film is ….. .

     I am really crazy about playing computer games. I play them whenever I have time and my parents let me. My favourite game is …. . It is about …… . In this game I have to build a city/ build houses, roads and parks/ fight with space forces/ … . I have already passed 10 levels.

      There are many interesting things to do, and I wish I had more free time for different hobbies.

I like to travel

In this project you are to speak about the ways people travel and to tell us about one of your trips. 

I like to travel 

       Many people like to travel. We can travel by plane, by train, by ship, by bus or by car. If you miss a bus, you have to take a taxi. Some people prefer to walk or to ride a bike.

       If you want to travel by train, you have to go to the railway station and buy tickets. This is how you can do it: [Диалог English 4 part 2 p.22, №13]

      I want to tell you about my trip to [место] .

Составить рассказ по вопросам:

1. When did you go there?

2. Did you leave Saint Petersburg for [место] by train, by plane, by car, etc.?

3. Did you have much luggage?

4. How long did it take you to get to [место]?

5. Did you have to change anywhere?

6. Was your journey nice? (полет или поездка на поезде)

7. When did you arrive in/at [место]?

8. Did you stay in a hotel?

9. Did you like your trip? (отпуск в целом)

10. Where would you like to go next time?

The things I have done in my life