четверг, 21 января 2016 г.

Present Perfect Continuous


Когда используется Present Perfect Continuous:
  1. Present Perfect Continuous используется для передачи действия, которое началось в прошлом, длилось некоторое время и продолжает совершаться в настоящем. 
Например: 
She has been cooking dinner for three hours already. – Она готовит ужин уже три часа. (все это время она готовила и пока что не закончила, продолжает готовить)

I have been reading this book since the beginning of summer. – Я читаю эту книгу с начала лета. (прочел какую-то часть, но еще не закончил, продолжаю читать)

      2. Present Perfect Continuous используется для передачи длительного действия в прошлом, которое закончилось непосредственно перед моментом речи, и результат этого действия оказывает влияние на настоящее

Например:
The streets are wet. It has been raining all the morning. – На улице мокро. Все утро шел дождь.

We are very tired because we have been walking in the mountains since early morning. – Мы очень устали, так как гуляли в горах с раннего утра.


Время Present Perfect Continuous, как правило, не употребляется с глаголами состояния. В этом случае вместо него используется время Present Perfect.

Глаголы состояния передают состояния, чувства, отношения, умственные процессы и другие характеристики предмета. 
Например: to haveto love, to hate, to remember, to forget, to understand, to believe, to look, to feel, to hear, to see, to know и т.д.


среда, 20 января 2016 г.

Project 6: The Greenhouse Effect

Цель этого проекта – подробно разобраться, что такое парниковый эффект и как он работает


План
Примеры текста
1a
What is “climate”

c.22 – первый абзац

1b
Climate changes: Introduction
Unfortunately, recently the climate in many places has changed. Some specialists say that it is because of the greenhouse effect.
2
How the greenhouse effect works.
(рассказать и пояснить по картинке)
c.22 последний абзац. Со слов “It works like this”.

3
People’s activity and greenhouse effect
c23 – 1й-2й абзацы
4
Your own examples of climate changes.
(один пример – «как было раньше», другой пример – «как сейчас»)
Предлагаю несколько вариантов, как готовить эту часть
1.      Спросить у бабушек и дедушек, какие были зимы на их памяти. Сравнить с погодой сейчас.
2.      Взять исторические факт, например трамвай на Неве, ледяные дворцы на Неве, катание на коньках по каналам в Голландии …
3.      Найти информацию по примера с.24 №20
5
Conclusion
Взять часть информации из с.23 – последний абзац


ПРИМЕРНЫЙ ТЕКСТ: 

The Greenhouse Effect

     Climate is the weather a certain place has over a long period of time. Climate has a very important influence on plants, animals and humans and is different in different parts of the world.
     Unfortunately, recently the climate in many places has changed. Winters have become warmer. Sometimes there is little snow in January, and there were winters when it rained on the New Year's Eve. Some specialists say that it is because of the greenhouse effect. It works like this: sunlight gives us heat. Some of the heat warms the atmosphere, and some of the heat goes back into space.
     But during the last 100 years people have produced a lot of carbon dioxide. This gas in the atmosphere works like glass in a greenhouse. It lets heat get in, but it doesn't let much heat get out. So the atmosphere becomes warmer. Where does the carbon dioxide come from? People and animals breathe in oxygen, and breathe out carbon dioxide. We produce carbon dioxide when we burn things. Trees take this gas from the air, and produce oxygen. But in the last few years, people have cut down and burn big areas of rainforest. This means there are fewer trees, and, of course, more carbon dioxide!

      СВОЙ ПРИМЕР КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ИЗМЕНЕНИЙ.
     
     As we see the climate in different parts of the world changes a little from year to year. These changes can be dangerous for our planet, which needs protection. Earth is millions of years old, much older than the humans. We know many of its secrets. Yet there is still much to learn.


четверг, 14 января 2016 г.

Project 5: Weather Forecast

p.13:
1. Weather
2. Weather forecast
3. Weathermen

4. Your own weather forecast
Example of a card
ПРИМЕРНЫЙ ТЕКСТ:
    We do not always know what weather to expect. It is more serious whenfarmers lose their harvest because of the rain, or a sailor gets into troublewhen the wind rises.  On TV and radio there are daily weather forecasts. 
    Sometimes, the forecast is not quite right as the weather is not an easy thingto forecast. All day and night, weathermen are collecting information fromships, planes weather station, and space station.           With the help of thisinformation, they can understand what the weather will be like during the next few days.When the barometer shows high pressure, the weather will be calm. In winter it will be cold and frosty. In summer it usually means mistymornings and hot sunny days. When the barometer shows low pressure, lookout for rain and strong winds. As a result of the weathermen`s work we learnabout the weather.
+ ПРОГНОЗ ПО КАРТОЧКЕ

вторник, 15 декабря 2015 г.

Подготовка к к\р. II четверть

1. Read the definition and write the word.
Карточки для повторения слов: ShoppingSport 1Sport 2

2.  Make the sentences complete.
Материал для повторения: It is\they areI\me\myself\my\mineI\me\my\minemyself

3. Turn the sentences into reported speech. 
Ex.1Ex. 2

4. Complete the sentences. (if\when)
Ex.1Ex.2



пятница, 4 декабря 2015 г.

Project 4: Shops and Shopping



Part 1: Shopping for food

1.     What shopping used to be (What goods and where people used to buy):
·        Markets, stalls, different small shops, food
2.     Shopping nowadays (What goods and where people buy nowadays):
·        Supermarkets, different departments, food.

Words:
p.102-105 (SB),
self-service - самообслуживание,
counter (to take off the counter) – прилавок (брать с прилавка),
a basket (a grocery trolley) - корзинка (тележка),
all kinds of household goods – все виды товаров для дома,
save a lot of time – экономить время,
a cash-desk - касса,
your turn came – ваша очередь подошла,
pay - платить,
change - сдача,
wrap - заворачивать,
parcel - покупка. 


Part 2: Shopping for clothes

1. Introduction (several words about shopping for clothes)
2. How I bought a shirt/skirt.

Words:
a department store
cost
price
shoes
a pair
size
in (out of) fashion
to try it on
a size larger/smaller
it suits (doesn't suit) me
a shop asisstant 
a wide choice of
ready-made clothes (clothing store)


ПРИМЕРНЫЙ ТЕКСТ 
(для тех, кто не смог составить сам):

Shopping
            It is well known that many people do like shopping, especially women. In any case we often go shopping, when we need some goods to buy.
            There are a lot of goods and shops in the world. We buy white and brown bread at the baker’s; sugar, rice and flour at the grocer’s; beef and pork at the butcher’s; fish at the fishmonger’s; milk, cream and butter at the dairy; biscuits and cakes at the confectionary; sweets and chocolates at the sweet shop; medicine and pills at the chemist’s…           
            Different people do shopping in different ways. Some prefer shopping in small corner shops which are usually located in the neighbourhood, some people prefer big supermarkets.
            Our choice usually depends on what we need to buy. If we need something like bread or milk, we go to the nearest corner shop. But if your fridge and breadbasket are empty, you will go to a supermarket.
            Big department stores are widespread in Great Britain. The most famous ones are Harrods, House of Fraser, Marks and Spence…
            Once a week we visit Lenta (OKEY, Ashan) supermarket with lots of departments and buy all the goods we need. Last time we bought two pounds of fresh beef; a kilo of green apples; three bottles of milk; two cartoons of cream; two bars of black chocolate and a jar of strawberry jam for my Granny.
At the baker’s department my Mom had a small talk with the shop assistant:
-          Shop assistant: “Hello, Madam! What can I do for you? ”
-          Mother: “Two loaves of bread, please?”
-          Shop assistant: “Brown bread or white bread, Madam?”
-          Mother: “Brown and white, please!
-          Shop assistant: “Shall I wrap them up or put them in a plastic bag?”
-          Mother: “Plastic bag, please!
-          Shop assistant: “Here you are, Madam!”
-          Mother: “Thank you!”
Sometimes we buy clothes and shoes. This kind of shopping is the best for me! Last Friday I tried a pretty-nice skirt (shirt) of my size at the ready-made clothes department. It suited me much and I asked my Mom if I could have it for school. “How much does it cost?” asked mother. It cost 8 pounds, which was not very expensive and we bought it.
            For our family shopping is not only a necessity, but also a pleasure!